Module Technology Benchmarks
Technical benchmarks for each mainstream module technology available in India. Use these ranges to sanity-check a datasheet or a vendor claim — figures materially outside these bands warrant questions.
Last updated: July 2026 · 5 rows · Free to use with attribution
| Polycrystalline | 15–17% | 0.60–0.70%/yr | −0.38 to −0.45%/°C | 25 yr | Obsolete for new installs |
| Mono PERC | 20–21.5% | ~0.55%/yr | −0.33 to −0.37%/°C | 25–27 yr | Mainstream |
| TOPCon | 22–23% | ~0.40%/yr | −0.29 to −0.32%/°C | 30 yr | Fast-growing mainstream |
| HJT (Heterojunction) | 22.5–24% | ~0.25–0.35%/yr | −0.24 to −0.26%/°C | 30 yr | Premium, limited Indian supply |
| Bifacial (add-on) | Base + rear gain | Per base technology | Per base technology | 30 yr (glass-glass) | Gain 5–11% on elevated mounting; 2–3% flush-mounted |
Sources
- Aggregated from published manufacturer datasheets of ALMM-listed models available in the Indian market.
How to Read This Data
- Ranges are representative of commercially available modules, not laboratory records.
- Bifacial is a packaging option applied to a base cell technology, not a separate cell generation — rear-side gain depends heavily on mounting height and surface reflectivity.
- For subsidised residential systems, the model must appear on the current ALMM list and be DCR-compliant regardless of technology.