Photovoltaic Effect

The photovoltaic effect is the physical process by which certain materials, chiefly silicon, convert light directly into electricity. When photons strike a solar cell, they knock electrons loose, creating a direct current (DC).

Every solar panel works on this principle — there are no moving parts, which is why well-made modules last 25+ years. The DC electricity produced must be converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter before household appliances can use it.

Part of the HUM Solar Glossary — 75+ plain-language definitions for India’s solar ecosystem, maintained as a neutral reference. Browse all terms →